KBody: Towards general, robust, and aligned monocular whole-body estimation

KBody is a method for fitting a low-dimensional body model to an image. It follows a predict-and-optimize approach, relying on data-driven model estimates for the constraints that will be used to solve for the body's parameters. Acknowledging the importance of high quality correspondences, it leverages ``virtual joints" to improve fitting performance, disentangles the optimization between the pose and shape parameters, and integrates asymmetric distance fields to strike a balance in terms of pose and shape capturing capacity, as well as pixel alignment. We also show that generative model inversion offers a strong appearance prior that can be used to complete partial human images and used as a building block for generalized and robust monocular body fitting. Project page: https://klothed.github.io/KBody.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 58 supplemental figures, project page https://klothed.github.io/KBody , also posted at with high-res images http://graphics.berkeley.edu/papers/Zioulis-KBT-2023-0

Results of the 2023 Census of Beat Saber Users: Virtual Reality Gaming Population Insights and Factors Affecting Virtual Reality E-Sports Performance

The emergence of affordable standalone virtual reality (VR) devices has allowed VR technology to reach mass-market adoption in recent years, driven primarily by the popularity of VR gaming applications such as Beat Saber. However, despite being the top-grossing VR application to date and the most popular VR e-sport, the population of over 6 million Beat Saber users has not yet been widely studied. In this report, we present a large-scale comprehensive survey of Beat Saber players (N=1,006) that sheds light on several important aspects of this population, including their background, biometrics, demographics, health information, behavioral patterns, and technical device specifications. We further provide insights into the emerging field of VR e-sports by analyzing correlations between responses and an authoritative measure of in-game performance.Comment: for interactive version, see https://www.beatleader.xyz/census202

Arctic Zooplankton Community Structure: Exceptions to Some General Rules

Commonly accepted theories of zooplankton species distribution hold that: 1) large-bodied zooplankton species are excluded by fish predation and so are found only in lakes and ponds without fish; and 2) because small-bodied species are unable to compete successfully against large ones and also are preyed upon heavily by invertebrate predators, they exist primarily in lakes with fish. This pattern is not followed in a group of lakes and ponds in arctic Alaska. Some of these lakes were found to support both large and small zooplankton species along with populations of facultative planktivorous fish. Other lakes that had no fish had a small-bodied zooplankton species co-existing with a more typical large-bodied community. Close analysis of these unusual distributions reveals that the mechanisms affecting zooplankton community dynamics are more subtle and complex than generally recognized, particularly in such harsh environments as the Arctic

Quantum process tomography of a controlled-NOT gate

We demonstrate complete characterization of a two-qubit entangling process - a linear optics controlled-NOT gate operating with coincident detection - by quantum process tomography. We use maximum-likelihood estimation to convert the experimental data into a physical process matrix. The process matrix allows accurate prediction of the operation of the gate for arbitrary input states, and calculation of gate performance measures such as the average gate fidelity, average purity and entangling capability of our gate, which are 0.90, 0.83 and 0.73, respectively.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. v2 contains new data corresponding to improved gate operation. Figure quality slightly reduced for arXi

Unique Identification of 50,000+ Virtual Reality Users from Head & Hand Motion Data

With the recent explosive growth of interest and investment in virtual reality (VR) and the so-called "metaverse," public attention has rightly shifted toward the unique security and privacy threats that these platforms may pose. While it has long been known that people reveal information about themselves via their motion, the extent to which this makes an individual globally identifiable within virtual reality has not yet been widely understood. In this study, we show that a large number of real VR users (N=55,541) can be uniquely and reliably identified across multiple sessions using just their head and hand motion relative to virtual objects. After training a classification model on 5 minutes of data per person, a user can be uniquely identified amongst the entire pool of 50,000+ with 94.33% accuracy from 100 seconds of motion, and with 73.20% accuracy from just 10 seconds of motion. This work is the first to truly demonstrate the extent to which biomechanics may serve as a unique identifier in VR, on par with widely used biometrics such as facial or fingerprint recognition

Consistent improvement with eculizumab across muscle groups in myasthenia gravis

Objective: To assess whether eculizumab, a terminal complement inhibitor, improves patient- and physician-reported outcomes (evaluated using the myasthenia gravis activities of daily living profile and the quantitative myasthenia gravis scale, respectively) in patients with refractory anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis across four domains, representing ocular, bulbar, respiratory, and limb/gross motor muscle groups. Methods: Patients with refractory anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis were randomized 1:1 to receive either placebo or eculizumab during the REGAIN study (NCT01997229). Patients who completed REGAIN were eligible to continue into the open-label extension trial (NCT02301624) for up to 4 years. The four domain scores of each of the myasthenia gravis activities of daily living profile and the quantitative myasthenia gravis scale recorded throughout REGAIN and through 130 weeks of the open-label extension were analyzed. Results: Of the 125 patients who participated in REGAIN, 117 enrolled in the open-label extension; 61 had received placebo and 56 had received eculizumab during REGAIN. Patients experienced rapid improvements in total scores and all four domain scores of both the myasthenia gravis activities of daily living profile and the quantitative myasthenia gravis scale with eculizumab treatment. These improvements were sustained through 130 weeks of the open-label extension. Interpretation: Eculizumab treatment elicits rapid and sustained improvements in muscle strength across ocular, bulbar, respiratory, and limb/gross motor muscle groups and in associated daily activities in patients with refractory anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis

Altering fatty acid availability does not impair prolonged, continuous running to fatigue: evidence for carbohydrate dependence

We determined the effect of suppressing lipolysis via administration of nicotinic acid (NA) on fuel substrate selection and half-marathon running capacity. In a single-blinded, Latin square design, 12 competitive runners completed four trials involving treadmill running until volitional fatigue at a pace based on 95% of personal best half-marathon time. Trials were completed in a fed or overnight fasted state: 1) carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion before (2 g CHO·kg−1·body mass−1) and during (44 g/h) [CFED]; 2) CFED plus NA ingestion [CFED-NA]; 3) fasted with placebo ingestion during [FAST]; and 4) FAST plus NA ingestion [FAST-NA]. There was no difference in running distance (CFED, 21.53 ± 1.07; CFED-NA, 21.29 ± 1.69; FAST, 20.60 ± 2.09; FAST-NA, 20.11 ± 1.71 km) or time to fatigue between the four trials. Concentrations of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol were suppressed following NA ingestion irrespective of preexercise nutritional intake but were higher throughout exercise in FAST compared with all other trials (P < 0.05). Rates of whole-body CHO oxidation were unaffected by NA ingestion in the CFED and FAST trials, but were lower in the FAST trial compared with the CFED-NA trial (P < 0.05). CHO was the primary substrate for exercise in all conditions, contributing 83-91% to total energy expenditure with only a small contribution from fat-based fuels. Blunting the exercise-induced increase in FFA via NA ingestion did not impair intense running capacity lasting ∼85 min, nor did it alter patterns of substrate oxidation in competitive athletes. Although there was a small but obligatory use of fat-based fuels, the oxidation of CHO-based fuels predominates during half-marathon running

Eculizumab improves fatigue in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of eculizumab on perceived fatigue in patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive, refractory, generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) using the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QOL) Fatigue subscale, and to evaluate correlations between improvements in Neuro-QOL Fatigue and other clinical endpoints. Methods: Neuro-QOL Fatigue, MG Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL), Quantitative MG (QMG), and the 15-item MG Quality of Life (MG-QOL15) scales were administered during the phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled REGAIN study (eculizumab, n=62; placebo, n=63) and subsequent open-label extension (OLE). Data were analyzed using repeated-measures models. Correlations between changes in Neuro-QOL Fatigue and in MG-ADL, QMG, and MG-QOL15 scores were determined at REGAIN week 26. Results: At REGAIN week 26, eculizumab-treated patients showed significantly greater improvements in Neuro-QOL Fatigue scores than placebo-treated patients (consistent with improvements in MG-ADL, QMG, and MG-QOL15 scores previously reported in REGAIN). Improvements with eculizumab were sustained through OLE week 52. Correlations between Neuro-QOL Fatigue and MG-QOL15, MG-ADL, and QMG scores were strong for eculizumab-treated patients at REGAIN week 26, and strong, moderate, and weak, respectively, for placebo-treated patients. Conclusions: Compared with placebo, eculizumab was associated with improvements in perceived fatigue that strongly correlated with improvements in MG-specific outcome measures